π³π±π§βπ€βπ§ Dutch PM Rob Jetten should fucking resign!
Euronews: Dutch PM Rob Jetten and partner expecting child via surrogate mother: 'Someone very special is on the way' π€’
How is this ethical? He should resign! (And his nuts should be cut off!)
Grok:
Most EU countries ban surrogacy (both commercial and altruistic forms), either through explicit statutory prohibitions, constitutional rules, or implicit bans via assisted reproduction laws that make it effectively impossible. Commercial surrogacy is prohibited across the entire EU under Article 3 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which bars making the human body or its parts a source of financial gain. Altruistic surrogacy (limited to reasonable expenses) is permitted or tolerated in only a small number of member states, often with significant restrictions.
The EU has 27 member states. There is no uniform EU-wide rule on altruistic surrogacy; national laws diverge sharply, and the European Court of Human Rights has required states to provide pathways to regularize the legal parent-child relationship for children born via foreign surrogacy even when domestic bans exist.
Explicit or clear bans (majority of EU countries)
These countries prohibit all forms of surrogacy (commercial and altruistic) by statute, constitution, or equivalent binding rules:
- Austria β Implicit/explicit via reproductive medicine rules; arrangements are void; the birth mother is the legal mother.
- Bulgaria β Explicit ban in assisted reproduction ordinance and penal code provisions.
- Croatia β Explicit ban under the law on medically assisted reproduction.
- Estonia β Banned (explicit or strong implicit prohibition).
- Finland β All forms illegal under the Act on Assisted Fertility Treatments (discussions about possible future non-commercial reform exist but the ban remains in force).
- France β All agreements void under Civil Code Article 16-7 (public-order prohibition since 1994).
- Germany β Criminalized for medical professionals under the Embryo Protection Act (up to three yearsβ imprisonment); agreements unenforceable; birth mother is legal mother.
- Hungary β Prohibited under family and health law frameworks.
- Italy β Banned domestically under Legge 40/2004; since late 2024 (Law 169/2024), Italian citizens face criminal penalties (prison and large fines) for arranging surrogacy anywhere in the world (βuniversal crimeβ).
- Lithuania β Explicit ban under assisted reproduction law.
- Luxembourg β Effectively banned / no legal framework permitting it (treated as prohibited in practice and compliance contexts).
- Malta β Explicit ban under the Embryo Protection Act.
- Poland β De facto and effectively banned; birth mother is legal mother by default; surrogacy agreements contrary to public order; no legal pathway for intended parents.
- Romania β Legal vacuum that functions as a barrier; not permitted in practice under civil code and related rules.
- Slovakia β Explicit constitutional ban (Constitutional Law 255/2025, effective November 2025): βIt is prohibited to enter into an agreement to give birth to a child on behalf of another person.β
- Slovenia β Explicit statutory ban.
- Spain β All contracts null and void under Ley 14/2006; strong public-policy objections to recognition of foreign surrogacy parentage.
- Sweden β Prohibited (not provided in the healthcare system; treated as banned).
Latvia is generally grouped with the restrictive/unavailable category (not available under sexual and reproductive health rules).
Limited exceptions / not full bans
Only a few EU countries allow or tolerate some form of (almost always altruistic) surrogacy:
- Greece β Altruistic, court-approved gestational surrogacy for heterosexual couples and single women, but since May 2025 restricted to permanent Greek residents only (both intended mother and surrogate).
- Cyprus β Altruistic gestational surrogacy for residents (heterosexual couples and single women), with court approval.
- Portugal β Law on paper for altruistic surrogacy (Lei 90/2021), but no implementing regulations; not operational in practice.
- Ireland β Health (Assisted Human Reproduction) Act 2024 provides for altruistic surrogacy, but key provisions are not yet commenced/in force.
- Netherlands β Tolerated (unregulated or lightly regulated altruistic arrangements at approved centres); a formal bill has been pending.
- Belgium β No specific statute; tolerated in limited cases under hospital ethics-committee protocols (altruistic only).
- Czech Republic β Unregulated and generally considered permissible in practice (altruistic, unenforceable agreements).
- Denmark β Parenthood from altruistic agreements can be recognized (since 2025 reforms), but medical treatment/assistance for surrogacy is banned or practically unavailable in clinics.
Key nuances and implications
- βBanβ can mean different things: Some countries criminalize the medical procedure or intermediaries; others simply make contracts void and refuse to transfer parentage (birth mother remains legal mother). Recognition of foreign surrogacy parentage is often difficult and may require court proceedings, adoption steps, or DNA evidence; ECtHR case law requires states to avoid leaving children in a legal limbo.
- Italy is the strictest for its own citizens due to the extraterritorial criminal provision.
- Slovakia is notable for elevating the ban to constitutional level.
- Laws evolve (e.g., Greeceβs 2025 residency restriction, Italyβs 2024 extraterritorial rule, Slovakiaβs 2025 constitutional change). Always verify with current national legislation or specialist legal advice, as secondary sources can lag and individual circumstances (citizenship, residency, genetic link) matter greatly.
- Commercial surrogacy remains unavailable inside the EU; intended parents seeking compensated arrangements typically look outside the bloc (e.g., certain non-EU European or other destinations), subject to their home countryβs recognition rules.
In short, the large majority of the 27 EU member states ban surrogate motherhood in both commercial and altruistic forms. Only a small handful permit or tolerate limited altruistic versions, often with residency, relationship-status, or medical restrictions, and several of those frameworks remain incomplete or non-operational.